Java.lang.noclassdeffounderror could not initialize class - awesome. When I tried to run the failing testcase in Intellij it told me about the 'java.lang.IllegalStateException: Detected both log4j-over-slf4j.jar AND bound slf4j-log4j12.jar on the class path' And hidden in the stacktrace it showed: 'at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<clinit>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:96) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder ...

 
You shouldn't need to import util.HibernateUtil. You may need to either declare the HibernateUtil class as static eg public static class HibernateUtils{and then using by writing HibernateUtil.doAThing(); or instantiate a HibernateUtil Object eg HibernateUtil hibUtil = new HibernateUtil(); and use hibUtil.doAThing(); instead.For the latter though you'll need to include a Constructor to your .... Casting anal

Jun 23, 2017 · I have updated my dependecies like you said in your comment and i have this now : org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start embedded container; nested exception is org. 20. Try running this code in a constructor of a servlet. System.setProperty ("java.awt.headless", "true"); or. Use this parameter in the startup script of the server: -Djava.awt.headless=true. Here is an example of this problem documented and explaned in Apache POI when you want to create a sheet with auto size columns.Aug 1, 2022 · So, the java.lang.noclassdeffounderror: could not initialize class error by our server means it cannot locate the class file. It can be caused by different reasons that are listed below. The issue can be in the static block (also called a static initializer). Apr 26, 2017 · The solution that worked for me is to convert your object to a class that extends Serializable and just instantiate it where you need it. So basically, if I'm not wrong you have. object test { def foo = ... } which would be used as test.foo in your main, but you need at minimum. class Test extends Serializable { def foo = ... awesome. When I tried to run the failing testcase in Intellij it told me about the 'java.lang.IllegalStateException: Detected both log4j-over-slf4j.jar AND bound slf4j-log4j12.jar on the class path' And hidden in the stacktrace it showed: 'at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<clinit>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:96) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder ...The only thing I found is that it's hard to diagnose and the following steps might help you recover. Manually remove the workflow packages from JENKINS_HOME/pluginsAfter much searching, I found several instances of this including java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7, but most are older posts on older versions of gradle and groovy or they are related to android. Here is my version info:Sep 20, 2012 · 4 Answers. This problem is caused by not including the asm dependencies that cglib has. Solution 1: Add the correct versions of asm and asm-util to your classpath. Solution 2: Use the cglib-nodep version (which includes both asm dependencies). I can't thank you enough for your valuable answer for the problem. Oct 1, 2022 · If you are working on spring MVC web application and you are trying to use JSR-303 validation annotations then you might face this exception. Exception stack trace looks like this. Jun 28, 2021 · I have seen this: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class XXX And this: Different methodologies for solving bugs that only occur in production But my question is, given what the ... Jun 23, 2017 · I have updated my dependecies like you said in your comment and i have this now : org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start embedded container; nested exception is org. I could resolve the issue. The problem was the minor version of pdfbox, fontbox and jempbox were not the same. Hence the PDFFont was not initialized, because internally it needs to load the classes of fontbox also and probably there was a mismatch in the version id of the classesI am writing a plugin for nexus oss . where I am using axis for making webservice calls . It throws an. InvocationTargetException : target : java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.axis.client.AxisClientApr 20, 2020 · Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper. In a similar question in stack-overflow Android Studio Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper it was recommended to . install java jdk-14 ; upgrade to gradle version 6.3; I changed the jdk to 14 in IntelliJ in 2 places: Jul 27, 2020 · 1 Answer. You shouldn't need to import util.HibernateUtil. You may need to either declare the HibernateUtil class as static eg public static class HibernateUtils { and then using by writing HibernateUtil.doAThing (); or instantiate a HibernateUtil Object eg HibernateUtil hibUtil = new HibernateUtil (); and use hibUtil.doAThing (); instead.For ... 6. Due to the recent vulnerability found on Log4j, We were tasked to move to version >= 2.16.0. Initially, my project was using <version>1.2.17</version>. After adding the necessary dependency, and making the necessary changes, on initiating a request I get the below error: Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class ...java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7 I don't understand why this happens because I'm not even using Gradle! I'm using Maven as in any of my Spring Boot Projects but this problem only happens whenever I add the Spring Data Cassandra Dependency.Could not initialize class .....javax.xml.transform.FactoryFinder (in our case). In the article, where we found the solution, it was the class SessionFactory. Class Under Test. We wanted to write a test for a utils class with static members.Assuming by 'standard' you both mean Oracle, there is no difference in JSSE between Oracle and OpenJDK (and no difference in the rest of JCE except that in versions before late 2017 Oracle defaulted to the 'limited' crypto policy due to former US export rules, and you needed to add the 'unlimited policy' download, while OpenJDK ddi not).You shouldn't need to import util.HibernateUtil. You may need to either declare the HibernateUtil class as static eg public static class HibernateUtils{and then using by writing HibernateUtil.doAThing(); or instantiate a HibernateUtil Object eg HibernateUtil hibUtil = new HibernateUtil(); and use hibUtil.doAThing(); instead.For the latter though you'll need to include a Constructor to your ...Oct 20, 2012 · Here's a snippet of how a test calls Order api when it fails. val orderNumber = Order.createOrder () This is the entire stack trace when the test fails: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.api.Order$ at com.CreateOrder.setUpOnce (CreateOrder.scala:35) Line 35 in that class, CreateOrder.scala is: Weblogic Start Failed java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: weblogic/Server Hot Network Questions What are the conditions necessary for a programming language to have no undefined behavior?Dec 21, 2021 · Following this cause: Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper The class is there (at least I can find it manually). In my build.gradle I have these two related dependencies: 4 Answers Sorted by: 6 Generally, this kind of issue happens when there is an uncaught exception inside your singleton object. Try putting a try catch clause inside to get the origin of your error. ShareThis is a missing jars in the class path issue. I had this issue and found that with by adding the missing jars to the class path it resolved the issue. From the below article java.dzone.com article I found that the minimal jars necessary are...Now The versions numbers have changed but with these libraries only I managed to get it working.Jan 9, 2021 · Assuming by 'standard' you both mean Oracle, there is no difference in JSSE between Oracle and OpenJDK (and no difference in the rest of JCE except that in versions before late 2017 Oracle defaulted to the 'limited' crypto policy due to former US export rules, and you needed to add the 'unlimited policy' download, while OpenJDK ddi not). There is a solution to this problem (Cassandra Startup failure on ARM64 machine (java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.jna.Native)), Soultion suggests changes in cassandra-env.sh. I tried it but it is not working for me. I checked with these options (separately) in cassandra-env.shJul 25, 2019 · I installed apache-jmeter-5.1.1 and java 1.8.0_221 (8), and was walking through the getting started guide to build a web test plan in the GUI. But when I click save to save the Test Plan I receive the below error: Uncaught Exception java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.jmeter.gui.util.FileDialoger. I'm trying to run tests in a legacy Java project and I get this error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.powermock.modules.junit4.rule.PowerMockRule The code that is causing the issue is like that: @Rule public PowerMockRule rule = new PowerMockRule(); And the PowerMock version is 1.5.6Kotlin: [Internal Error] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.intellij.pom.java.LanguageLevel Ask Question Asked 2 years, 2 months agoNov 20, 2020 · I tried copying a bunch of custom plugins into my C:\\apache-jmeter-5.3\\lib\\ext folder. But when I try to open C:\\Projects\\centaurjmeter\\src\\test\\unittests\\mytree\\loadtest.mytree.jmx, I get this err... hibernate -annotation.jar and hibernate-common-annotation.jar are different? i included hibernate-common-annotation.jar but i still getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration. i am using hibernate with jpa specification –You're probably missing some dependant library. In Eclipse you can look inside the jar file from project explorer and verify that there is a package 'org.apache.axis.client' and it contains class AxisClient. (If you're not in Eclipse then otherwise you can just unpack your jar and see that the class is there - many possibilities for that, you ...Oct 1, 2022 · If you are working on spring MVC web application and you are trying to use JSR-303 validation annotations then you might face this exception. Exception stack trace looks like this. I am trying to migrate a project from Java8 into Java9 but I am running into the run time exception below, I tried every possible solution suggested by the Stack-overflow community and other blogs ...This is my hibernate util code public class HibernateUtil { private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory(); private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() { ...Apr 20, 2020 · Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper. In a similar question in stack-overflow Android Studio Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper it was recommended to . install java jdk-14 ; upgrade to gradle version 6.3; I changed the jdk to 14 in IntelliJ in 2 places: Yes, Thrown if the Java Virtual Machine or a ClassLoader instance tries to load in the definition of a class (as part of a normal method call or as part of creating a new instance using the new expression) and no definition of the class could be found.I am writing a plugin for nexus oss . where I am using axis for making webservice calls . It throws an. InvocationTargetException : target : java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.axis.client.AxisClientApr 26, 2017 · The solution that worked for me is to convert your object to a class that extends Serializable and just instantiate it where you need it. So basically, if I'm not wrong you have. object test { def foo = ... } which would be used as test.foo in your main, but you need at minimum. class Test extends Serializable { def foo = ... Jan 3, 2017 · This is possible since internal builds may live in another build environment (classpath/target platform). The most common reasons for NoClassDefFoundErrors are exceptions thrown in static initializers of referenced classes (ExceptionInInitializer as root cause) and ClassNotFoundExceptions for referenced classes. If the exception message says "Could not initialize class...", as it does in this question, then the class does exist and can be found, but the JVM has already tried and failed to perform static initialization on the class and so gives up doing it again. –Jan 26, 2016 · Could not initialize class io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm , java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, 0 HTTP Status 500 - Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: The specified module could not be found Dec 15, 2014 · This seems to be caused by Ubuntu using the non no_aop version of guice.jar in maven 3.6.3 (which needs the no_aop guice.jar). As a workaround in Ubuntu you could (if you don't care breaking some other ubuntu package actually needing the non no_aop jar): Jun 28, 2021 · I have seen this: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class XXX And this: Different methodologies for solving bugs that only occur in production But my question is, given what the ... Jan 6, 2020 · 1. That is almost certainly not the complete stack trace. Either that stack trace or an earlier one in the log file will tell you what caused the initialization of sun.awt.X11.XToolkit to fail. However, I'd hazard a guess that the root cause is that the JVM running the web countainer is "headless"; i.e. it doesn't have an accessible display. 4 Answers Sorted by: 6 Generally, this kind of issue happens when there is an uncaught exception inside your singleton object. Try putting a try catch clause inside to get the origin of your error. ShareNov 20, 2020 · I tried copying a bunch of custom plugins into my C:\\apache-jmeter-5.3\\lib\\ext folder. But when I try to open C:\\Projects\\centaurjmeter\\src\\test\\unittests\\mytree\\loadtest.mytree.jmx, I get this err... This is a missing jars in the class path issue. I had this issue and found that with by adding the missing jars to the class path it resolved the issue. From the below article java.dzone.com article I found that the minimal jars necessary are...Now The versions numbers have changed but with these libraries only I managed to get it working.1 Usually it is caused by class conflict. There is multiple version of the jar used in your project,and java picked the incorrect one. You can check which version is really in dependency hierarchy by passing the artifactId.Jun 28, 2021 · I have seen this: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class XXX And this: Different methodologies for solving bugs that only occur in production But my question is, given what the ... Jan 11, 2022 · Could not initialize class org.nd4j.linalg.factory.Nd4j in docker container. I am trying to import a KERAS file in a docker container with a program that has the following java code sample: String weights = getFile (_modelFile).getAbsolutePath (); String modelConfiguration = getFile (_configFile).getAbsolutePath (); _model = KerasModelImport ... Oct 1, 2022 · If you are working on spring MVC web application and you are trying to use JSR-303 validation annotations then you might face this exception. Exception stack trace looks like this. Mar 14, 2018 · java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDFont. For other file extensions it works fine. Things I have tried out dependencies in apache-tika module.xml to PDFbox Explicitly loaded org.apache.pdfbox from standalone.xml java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7 I don't understand why this happens because I'm not even using Gradle! I'm using Maven as in any of my Spring Boot Projects but this problem only happens whenever I add the Spring Data Cassandra Dependency.There is a solution to this problem (Cassandra Startup failure on ARM64 machine (java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.jna.Native)), Soultion suggests changes in cassandra-env.sh. I tried it but it is not working for me. I checked with these options (separately) in cassandra-env.shI'm trying to run tests in a legacy Java project and I get this error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.powermock.modules.junit4.rule.PowerMockRule The code that is causing the issue is like that: @Rule public PowerMockRule rule = new PowerMockRule(); And the PowerMock version is 1.5.6I am writing a plugin for nexus oss . where I am using axis for making webservice calls . It throws an. InvocationTargetException : target : java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.axis.client.AxisClientAs you may see first exception that we have NPE at (Plugins.java:17) and I think it's somehow connected with ClassLoaders. I can get same issue for jUnit module also. I can get same issue for jUnit module also. This is possible since internal builds may live in another build environment (classpath/target platform). The most common reasons for NoClassDefFoundErrors are exceptions thrown in static initializers of referenced classes (ExceptionInInitializer as root cause) and ClassNotFoundExceptions for referenced classes.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.cxf.attachment.AttachmentUtil means that JVM failed to initialize the AttachmentUtil class.. Apache CXF 3.3.X should support JDK 11 as per FAQ.Mar 14, 2018 · java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDFont. For other file extensions it works fine. Things I have tried out dependencies in apache-tika module.xml to PDFbox Explicitly loaded org.apache.pdfbox from standalone.xml Aug 1, 2022 · So, the java.lang.noclassdeffounderror: could not initialize class error by our server means it cannot locate the class file. It can be caused by different reasons that are listed below. The issue can be in the static block (also called a static initializer). Part of DBhelper.java class (There are also other static members, the full code is below): public class DBhelper { public static String getString() {return "Hi!";} } And the exception: HTTP Status 500 - Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.sher.wtpractice.dao.DBhelperI could resolve the issue. The problem was the minor version of pdfbox, fontbox and jempbox were not the same. Hence the PDFFont was not initialized, because internally it needs to load the classes of fontbox also and probably there was a mismatch in the version id of the classesPrerequisites I'm trying to rewrite test written with Mockito to avoid open Kotlin classes. For that I use Annotations API as most similar to those in Mockito. In example on website I see an @InjectMockKs over TrafficSystem class without...Oct 1, 2022 · If you are working on spring MVC web application and you are trying to use JSR-303 validation annotations then you might face this exception. Exception stack trace looks like this. I have seen this: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class XXX And this: Different methodologies for solving bugs that only occur in production But my question is, given what the ...java.lang.IllegalAccessError: class org.apache.spark.storage.StorageUtils$ (in unnamed module @0x12a94400) cannot access class sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer (in module java.base) because module java.base does not export sun.nio.ch to unnamed moduleThe solution that worked for me is to convert your object to a class that extends Serializable and just instantiate it where you need it. So basically, if I'm not wrong you have. object test { def foo = ... } which would be used as test.foo in your main, but you need at minimum. class Test extends Serializable { def foo = ...Could not initialize class org.nd4j.linalg.factory.Nd4j in docker container. I am trying to import a KERAS file in a docker container with a program that has the following java code sample: String weights = getFile (_modelFile).getAbsolutePath (); String modelConfiguration = getFile (_configFile).getAbsolutePath (); _model = KerasModelImport ...2 Answers Sorted by: 1 This is an old question, but I think it deserves a better answer. There are actually two things going on here. Some time before the exception that the Question is talking about, the JVM has attempted to execute the static initialization for the AccessorFactory class. Jan 11, 2022 · Could not initialize class org.nd4j.linalg.factory.Nd4j in docker container. I am trying to import a KERAS file in a docker container with a program that has the following java code sample: String weights = getFile (_modelFile).getAbsolutePath (); String modelConfiguration = getFile (_configFile).getAbsolutePath (); _model = KerasModelImport ... If this specific jar doesn't suit you, there are a few others where chis class could be found. If you use Eclipse, there is a handy tool that allows you to see what jars contain the class you need, and this way you can see what makes most sense given what you are doing. Under Mac, you can press CMD+Shift+T and enter the class name. Hope this helps.Jul 25, 2019 · I installed apache-jmeter-5.1.1 and java 1.8.0_221 (8), and was walking through the getting started guide to build a web test plan in the GUI. But when I click save to save the Test Plan I receive the below error: Uncaught Exception java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.jmeter.gui.util.FileDialoger. Could not initialize class org.nd4j.linalg.factory.Nd4j in docker container. I am trying to import a KERAS file in a docker container with a program that has the following java code sample: String weights = getFile (_modelFile).getAbsolutePath (); String modelConfiguration = getFile (_configFile).getAbsolutePath (); _model = KerasModelImport ...Jan 3, 2017 · This is possible since internal builds may live in another build environment (classpath/target platform). The most common reasons for NoClassDefFoundErrors are exceptions thrown in static initializers of referenced classes (ExceptionInInitializer as root cause) and ClassNotFoundExceptions for referenced classes. After much searching, I found several instances of this including java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.v7.Java7, but most are older posts on older versions of gradle and groovy or they are related to android. Here is my version info:Aug 10, 2015 · Spark Error: Could not initialize class org.apache.spark.rdd.RDDOperationScope. I've created a spark standalone cluster on my laptop, then I go into an sbt console on a spark project and try to embed a spark instance as so: val conf = new SparkConf ().setAppName ("foo").setMaster (/* Spark Master URL*/) val sc = new SparkContext (conf) sc ... 4 Answers Sorted by: 6 Generally, this kind of issue happens when there is an uncaught exception inside your singleton object. Try putting a try catch clause inside to get the origin of your error. Share

I keep getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser The full stacktrace is: java.lang .... Porn spanol

java.lang.noclassdeffounderror could not initialize class

Nov 9, 2022 · What Is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError? When the Java Runtime runs a Java program, it does not load all the classes and dependencies at once. Instead, it calls upon the Java Classloader to load classes in memory as-and-when-required. While loading a class, if the Classloader cannot find the class’s definition, it throws the NoClassDefFoundError. May 13, 2022 · java.lang.IllegalAccessError: class org.apache.spark.storage.StorageUtils$ (in unnamed module @0x12a94400) cannot access class sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer (in module java.base) because module java.base does not export sun.nio.ch to unnamed module Apr 26, 2017 · The solution that worked for me is to convert your object to a class that extends Serializable and just instantiate it where you need it. So basically, if I'm not wrong you have. object test { def foo = ... } which would be used as test.foo in your main, but you need at minimum. class Test extends Serializable { def foo = ... Jan 5, 2021 · 1. I've decided to post this question because it took me the whole morning to find a solution... especially because the most common reason for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class weblogic.jndi.Environment to occur, is when weblogic.jar and wlfullclient.jar aren't being properly located by any of IDE, WebApp, or WL. Dec 15, 2018 · Getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver exception Hot Network Questions Why did 1990s-2000s LCD all use 60 Hz refresh? Yes, Thrown if the Java Virtual Machine or a ClassLoader instance tries to load in the definition of a class (as part of a normal method call or as part of creating a new instance using the new expression) and no definition of the class could be found.Sep 6, 2014 · Part of DBhelper.java class (There are also other static members, the full code is below): public class DBhelper { public static String getString() {return "Hi!";} } And the exception: HTTP Status 500 - Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.sher.wtpractice.dao.DBhelper So, the java.lang.noclassdeffounderror: could not initialize class error by our server means it cannot locate the class file. It can be caused by different reasons that are listed below. The issue can be in the static block (also called a static initializer).Glassfish 5 will not start after enable-secure-admin command 2 java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: sun.security.ssl.SSLSessionImpl.<init> in Spring, Hibernate and JSF project running on Glassfish with Java 8Jasperreport in Java 11. java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser Hot Network Questions Removing certain elements from a list of lists2 Answers Sorted by: 1 This is an old question, but I think it deserves a better answer. There are actually two things going on here. Some time before the exception that the Question is talking about, the JVM has attempted to execute the static initialization for the AccessorFactory class.1 Usually it is caused by class conflict. There is multiple version of the jar used in your project,and java picked the incorrect one. You can check which version is really in dependency hierarchy by passing the artifactId.when we migrated from Oracle JDK-8 to Open JDK-11, Apache POI excel generation has issues tried already -Djava.awt.headless=true org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Handler dispatchWhat Is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError? When the Java Runtime runs a Java program, it does not load all the classes and dependencies at once. Instead, it calls upon the Java Classloader to load classes in memory as-and-when-required. While loading a class, if the Classloader cannot find the class’s definition, it throws the NoClassDefFoundError.The only thing I found is that it's hard to diagnose and the following steps might help you recover. Manually remove the workflow packages from JENKINS_HOME/pluginsCould not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper. In a similar question in stack-overflow Android Studio Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper it was recommended to . install java jdk-14 ; upgrade to gradle version 6.3; I changed the jdk to 14 in IntelliJ in 2 places:Sep 20, 2012 · 4 Answers. This problem is caused by not including the asm dependencies that cglib has. Solution 1: Add the correct versions of asm and asm-util to your classpath. Solution 2: Use the cglib-nodep version (which includes both asm dependencies). I can't thank you enough for your valuable answer for the problem. Nov 28, 2017 · Seems like you are missing a class on your CLASSPATH.That may be caused by various issues, you have to make sure org.owasp.esapi.reference.DefaultValidator is found by the server's CLASSPATH. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers..

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